![]() This research deals with the investigation of sociolinguistic routines in social interaction in Toba Batak language. New to this second edition are exploratory exercises which allow students to put what they have read into practice and extend their knowledge. Each chapter includes a summary, suggestions for further reading, and comprehension exercises (with answers). This second edition also expands the discussion of several topics, including frequency effects, the structure of the lexicon, and productivity. The goal is to shed light on major issues of analysis, so chapters are structured around essential questions: What are the basic units of the lexicon - words or morphemes? Is there a categorical difference between inflection and derivation? Do the same principles apply to both word formation and sentence formation? What makes on morphological rule more productive than another? Are inflectional paradigms part of the morphological architecture? To answer these questions, the authors draw on the best research available, discussing a variety of theoretical approaches. Assuming no knowledge of the field of morphology, the book present a broad range of morphological phenomena from a variety of languages. Understanding Morphology offers students an introduction to the study of word structure that starts at the very beginning. The results of the adjectival affixations are inflectional. ![]() The attachments of prefix um-, infix-um-, suffix-an, and confix um-…-an to base adjectives will form comparative degree. The results show that there are 7 adjectival affixations in Toba Batak language, they are: (i) one prefix (um-), (ii) one infix (-um-), (iii) one suffix (-an), and (iv) four confixes (marsi-…-i, ha-…-assa, ma-…-hu, and sa + full reduplication of base adjectives + na. In other words, such affixes cannot be attached to other types of parts of speech to form adjectives. Affixes, such as prefixes, infixes, suffixes, and confixes can be attached only to adjectival bases to generate adjectives. Morphologically, there are two types of adjectives in Toba Batak language, namely, adjectival bases and adjectival derivations. The method of this study is qualitative descriptive it is a method of study which describes language phenomena naturally without any exception. ![]() Structuralists state that morphologically words can be analyzed and described based on structural phenomena of a language. ![]() The theory applied in this study is structural morphology which was first proposed by Nida (1949). The objective of this paper is to explore adjectival affixations in Toba Batak language. ![]()
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